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Fever in Children: Symptoms, Causes and Relief

  • A fever is a higher-than-normal body temperature. Fever is common in children, especially those under 5 years old, with young children experiencing an average of 3-6 fevers a year.*
  • However, parents can often feel anxious when it comes to fever in toddlers and babies. It can be confusing to know what counts as a high temperature in babies versus a high fever in a toddler, or what the best way is to take a kid’s temperature, or when you need to see a doctor.
  • Learn more about fever in children here, and how you can help your child feel better.

Signs and symptoms of fever in children

  • Feeling hot to touch
  • Flushed cheeks
  • Being irritable or crying
  • Being less active Not wanting to eat or drink

How to relieve a fever in children

  • Give plenty of cool, clear fluids – if less than 6 months, give extra breastfeeds or cooled boiled water
  • Dress them in light clothing
  • Keep the room a comfortable temperature
  • Give paracetamol or ibuprofen, but only if their fever is making them distressed and uncomfortable

virus

Fever causes

Fever is usually caused by the body fighting an underlying infection. This is because raising the body’s temperature is helpful for the immune system and makes it harder for bacteria and viruses to thrive.

Most parents understand that fever is likely caused by an infection

stats

of Australian parents believe that a viral or bacterial infection is behind their child’s fever.†

†Winkle. Nurofen diary-based pain tracker. Children (via parents). Australia. January 2018. N=500 parents of children aged 0-12 years whose children suffered from pain symptoms in the past month.

What is a normal temperature for children?

thermo

It is important to monitor your baby for any symptoms of what may be causing the fever, rather than just the fever itself.

36.5° – 38°C

A temperature between 36.5°C and 38°C is considered a normal body temperature.

38°C+

A temperature of 38°C or more is considered a mild fever in older infants and children, but a high fever for a baby under 3 months old.

38.5°C+

A temperature of 38.5°C or more is considered a high fever in older infants and children.

Symptoms can include:

hot

Feeling hot to touch

being-fussy

Being irritable or crying

chills-or-shivering

Chills or shivering

See your doctor if your child has a fever plus any of the following:

3 months old baby

Under 3 months old

not responding to your voice

Not responding to your voice

difficulty breathing

Difficulty breathing

having a seizure

Losing consciousness or having a seizure

soft spot on their head

For babies, if the soft spot on their head is bulging

drowsy

Floppiness or drowsiness

headaches

Ongoing headaches

tummy pain

Ongoing tummy pain

stiff neck

Stiff neck

Light hurting their eyes

Light hurting their eyes

vomiting

Vomiting

Refusing to drink

Refusing to drink

Not urinating

Not urinating

Fever has lasted more than 3 days

Fever has lasted more than 3 days

Contact with a seriously ill person

Contact with a seriously ill person

^Sources: 1. Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network. Fact sheet: fever. Available here. 2. Healthdirect. Fever in children. Available here.

It is normal to feel worried about fever in your child, but remember it is not always a sign that they are dangerously sick. If you are concerned for any reason or have questions about your child’s symptoms, be sure to see your doctor.

lightning

Fever can be a cause of worry for parents

Compared to other common symptoms, Australian parents are more likely to consider their child’s fever as severe† – but fever is not always a sign of serious illness.
†Winkle. Nurofen diary-based pain tracker. Children (via parents). Australia. January 2018. N=500 parents of children aged 0-12 years whose children suffered from pain symptoms in the past month.

How to take a child’s temperature

If your baby is showing signs of a fever, you should take their temperature with a thermometer. Putting your hand to their forehead is not a reliable way of diagnosing fever.

Body temperature can be measured in the armpit, rectum, mouth, skin and ear. Temperatures can vary depending what part of the body you are taking a reading from, so it’s important to understand the differences:

  • Rectal temperature is considered to be the most accurate, but it is not recommended as it may be unsafe and uncomfortable for children.
  • Oral temperature is considered to be one of the most accurate, though it is around ½°C lower than rectal temperature.#
  • Armpit temperature is reasonably accurate, but can be ¼-½°C lower than rectal temperature in newborns and ½-1°C lower in older children. When measuring armpit temperature, 37.5°C should be considered an abnormal temperature.#
  • Ear thermometers are less sensitive and aren’t accurate in babies under 3 months old.#

The most common thermometers nowadays are digital, which can be quick and easy to use. There are different options to choose from depending on the age of your child.

UNDER 4 WEEKS#

thermometer in the armpit

Digital probe thermometer in the armpit

These thermometers are easy to use, especially in younger children. However, they can be slightly less accurate and will measure about ½-1°C lower than your child’s core temperature.

How to use it:
  1. Place the end of the thermometer in your child’s armpit against their skin
  2. Close their arm over the thermometer, holding their elbow against their body. It might help to hug your child to keep their arm in place.
  3. Wait for the thermometer to beep – although it’s best to leave it in for at least 2 minutes
  4. Remove the thermometer and check the display

4 WEEKS to 4-5 YEARS OLD#

Digital probe thermometer in the armpit

See above

Digital ear thermometer

Digital ear thermometer

How to use it:
  1. Place a plastic cover over the tip of the thermometer
  2. Gently place it inside your child’s ear canal – you don’t need to push far, just at the entrance
  3. Wait for the thermometer to beep and check the display

4-5 YEARS AND OLDER#

Digital probe thermometer orally

This is usually the most accurate way to take your child’s temperature, but it does require your child to cooperate and so is recommended for school-aged kids.

Digital oral thermometer
How to use it:
  1. If your child has had a hot or cold drink, wait 5 minutes first
  2. Place the end of the thermometer in your child’s mouth under one side of their tongue
  3. Ask your child to hold it in place with their lips, not their teeth, and to breathe through their nose
  4. Wait for the thermometer to beep – although it’s best to leave it in for at least 2 minutes
  5. Remove the thermometer and check the display

While digital forehead thermometers can be easy to use, they can also be inaccurate so it’s better to use a different type of thermometer if you have one. Plastic strip thermometers and mercury thermometers are also best avoided.

If you’re unsure or concerned in any way, contact your doctor for advice.

#Sources: 1. Barbi et al 2017. 2. Raising Children Network. Taking your child’s temperature. Available here. 3. KidsHealth NZ. Thermometers – how to use them. Available here.

How to relieve a fever in children

Children can generally handle fevers well, and most will get better on their own even without any treatment. However, there are some ways you can make them more comfortable:

glass

Give plenty of cool, clear fluids – if less than 6 months, give extra breastfeeds or cooled boiled water

dress

Dress them in light clothing

house temperature

Keep the room a comfortable temperature

bottle

Give paracetamol or ibuprofen, but only if their fever is making them distressed and uncomfortable

Fever does not always need to be treated with medicine

79 stats

of Australian parents will give their child over-the-counter medicine when they have a fever, while 1 in 4 will seek out a prescription medicine† – but this isn’t always necessary

†Winkle. Nurofen diary-based pain tracker. Children (via parents). Australia. January 2018. N=500 parents of children aged 0-12 years whose children suffered from pain symptoms in the past month.

Sources: 1. Healthdirect. Fever in children. Available here. 2. New Zealand Government Ministry of Health. Fever in children. Available here.

Why Nurofen for Children can help a high temperature in kids

Nurofen for Children contains ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory that helps relieve pain as well as reduce fever in children.

Nurofen for Children oral suspensions are suitable for babies and children from 3 months old, offering relief from fever for up to 8 hours** and can be taken on empty tummies. For older children who don’t want to take a liquid, Nurofen for Children is also available as a soft chewable capsule for children from 7 years of age.

**Autret-Leca et al 2007 (Reckitt sponsored).

This article is for general information only and not intended as a substitute for medical advice. All information presented on these web pages is not meant to diagnose or prescribe. In all health-related matters, always consult your health professional.

This medicine may not be right for you. Read the label before purchase. Follow the directions for use. Incorrect use could be harmful. If symptoms persist talk to your health professional. Not for use in babies under 3 months of age. RB-M-46599.